The USA is blessed with massive formations of shale. Geologists like to call this "baby oil" as it has not aged enough to become petroleum. So what exactly is shale, and what energy can be produced from it?
First a definition.... shale is: "A fine-grained sedimentary rock consisting of compacted and hardened
clay, silt, or mud. Shale forms in many distinct layers and splits
easily into thin sheets or slabs. It varies in color from black or gray
to brown or red." Under heat and pressure it turns into slate which is used in the construction industry.
More than 70% of the total oil shale acreage in the Green
River Formation, including the richest and thickest oil shale deposits, is under federally owned and managed lands.
Thus, the federal government directly controls access to the most
commercially attractive portions of the oil shale resource base.
Shale must be heated either after mining or in a new process within the shale rock formation underground, in order to extract the kerogen. The process steps are: Mining, crushing, heating to extract the kerogen, refining the kerogen into higher grade oil, transport to the refinery. This is followed by efforts to reclaim the land from the mining and heating process, and returning the land to it's former state.
All these steps are more expensive than conventional oil drilling where the oil is removed from the ground and sent to a refinery. However, $45-$60 per barrel is the break-even point where shale mining becomes economically viable. So how much of this stuff do we have?
The number is mind-boggling! 1-3 TRILLION barrels is the estimate!
http://christiannewswire.com/news/495546926.html
http://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2008/07/09/shale-game-do-the-rockies-hold-the-key-to-energy-independence/
This is an astonishing amount of energy lying dormant across the central USA in what is called the Green River Formation-- remember more than 70% of the best deposits are on government land, and extraction of the resource is forbidden at the present time by Congress. Shell Oil has a test plant on private property and has demonstrated in situ extraction (heating the shale underground). They extracted about 1700 barrels of oil out of an area measuring 30x40 feet! The test plant is very small and very unobtrusive-- pictures can be seen on the website listed below, along with an explanation of the heating process.
http://www.shell.com/home/content/usa/aboutshell/shell_businesses/upstream/locations_projects/onshore/mahogany/dir_mahogany.html
So--- we have TRILLIONS of barrels of oil available that are locked up and OFF LIMITS within our shale formations. Call your Congressional representative and ask him-her WHY it is off limits to exploration and drilling. Then get real mad the next time you pay your electric bill or fill-up your car!
Another blog about this same subject- http://justthefactsmaam.wordpress.com/category/current-events/
and ONE MORE article about this great USA energy resource- http://www.oilshaleexplorationcompany.com/ben.asp
Joe Lalumia
Rockwall, Texas
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